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The objective of knock control strategies is to attempt to optimize the trade-off between protecting the engine from damaging knock events and maximizing the engine's output torque. Knock events are an independent random process. [8] It is impossible to design knock controllers in a deterministic platform. A single time history simulation or ...
The white area on the left side of the scale shows manifold vacuum under normal driving conditions, the short white dash is atmospheric pressure (engine off), the orange scale is where there is safe turbo boost, the red scale is boost above 0.5 - 0.7 bar where the wastegate may be opened or a fuel cut due to overboost may occur.
Pressure in cylinder pattern in dependence on ignition timing: (a) - misfire, (b) too soon, (c) optimal, (d) too late. In a spark ignition internal combustion engine, ignition timing is the timing, relative to the current piston position and crankshaft angle, of the release of a spark in the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke.
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane, is an octane isomer which defines the 100 point on the octane rating scale (the zero point is n-heptane). It is an important component of gasoline . Isooctane is produced on a massive scale in the petroleum industry, usually as a mixture with related hydrocarbons.
The engine has a displacement of 2.0 L; 121.9 cu in (1,998 cc) with a bore and a stroke of 3.38 in × 3.38 in (86 mm × 86 mm). [2] The compression ratio of the engine is 10.5:1. [2] The 2.0 L engine was offered by Dodge in the Dodge Caliber. Outside North America, the 2.0 was the base engine for the 2007 Chrysler Sebring and 2008 Dodge Avenger.
The F20C produces the highest specific power output for any naturally aspirated piston engine in a car priced under US$100,000, at 125 hp (126.7 PS; 93.2 kW) per liter, ahead of the SR16VE N1 found in the homologation version of the JDM Nissan Pulsar producing 197 bhp (147 kW; 200 PS) for a specific power of 123.45 bhp (92.1 kW; 125.2 PS) per ...
The KA engines were a series of four-stroke inline-four gasoline piston engines manufactured by Nissan, which were offered in 2.0 and 2.4 L. The engines blocks were made of cast-iron, while the cylinder heads were made of aluminum. Despite their large capacity, this motor was not equipped with balance shafts.
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