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Map of hotspots. Iceland is number 14. The geology of Iceland is unique and of particular interest to geologists. Iceland lies on the divergent boundary between the Eurasian plate and the North American plate. It also lies above a hotspot, the Iceland plume. The plume is believed to have caused the formation of Iceland itself, the island first ...
Iceland was heavily ice covered during the glaciations and even completely ice covered during parts of them. As a result, there are hundreds of subglacially formed volcanoes on Iceland. On Reykjanes Peninsula, glaciers were present until around 15,000 -12,000 years ago. [1] Most subglacial edifices are thought to be Weichselian, with a few ...
[19] [9] It is classified as being in the Mid-Iceland belt that connects the Western volcanic zone to the intersection of the Northern volcanic zone and the Eastern volcanic zone. [19] The moho is over 30 km (19 mi) deep under Kerlingarfjöll and at the north-east coroner of the system is over 40 km (25 mi) deep. [ 13 ]
Torfajökull (Icelandic for "Torfi's glacier"; Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈtʰɔrvaˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ) is a rhyolitic stratovolcano, with a large caldera (central volcano) capped by a glacier of the same name and associated with a complex of subglacial volcanoes.
As part of the Western volcanic zone of Iceland which is a receding rift, and the north–western edge of the Hreppar microplate, the Oddnýjarhnjúkur-Langjökull volcanic system does not accommodate currently as much of the mutual movement of the North American Plate and Eurasian Plate as the volcanic zones to its south or east.
Snæfellsjökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈs(t)naiːˌfɛlsˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, snow-fell glacier) is a 700,000-year-old glacier-capped stratovolcano in western Iceland. [3] It is situated on the westernmost part of the Snæfellsnes peninsula. Sometimes it may be seen from the city of Reykjavík over Faxa Bay, at a distance of 120 km (75 mi).
The most recent eruptions of the central volcano have been at its north–east flank where young basaltic lava flows occur, [7] that are no more than 4500 years old. [3]: 6 These were from the Dvergar fissure row to the north–west of the Tungnafellsjökull central volcano, [5]: 19 being 1.18 km 2 (0.46 sq mi) in area and 0.0036 km 3 (0.00086 cu mi) in volume and are partly separated lava ...
The central volcano is 15 to 20 km (9.3 to 12.4 mi) in diameter with a 5 by 7 km (3.1 by 4.3 mi) wide caldera and has erupted rocks of basaltic to rhyolitic composition. [5]
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