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Diabetic retinopathy. Often asymptomatic, but can cause spots in the eye and vision loss. Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease), is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries.
Diabetic macular edema, with hard exudates surrounding the blood vessels. Macular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell (edema). The swelling may distort a person's central vision, because the macula holds tightly packed ...
8.7% global prevalence in 2020 [ 2 ] Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. [ 1 ] Early on there are often no symptoms. [ 1 ] Over time, however, some people experience a gradual worsening of vision ...
Specialty. Ophthalmology, Optometry. A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil (after Robert Marcus Gunn), is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test [1] whereupon the patient's pupils excessively dilate when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye.
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital condition in which the optic nerve is underdeveloped (small). Many times, de Morsier’s Syndrome or septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is associated with ONH, however, it is possible to have ONH without any additional issues like SOD. SOD is a condition that can involve multiple problems in the midline ...
Wolfram syndrome. Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (d iabetes i nsipidus, d iabetes m ellitus, o ptic a trophy, and d eafness), is a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder that causes childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness as well as various other possible disorders including neurodegeneration.
Mitochondrial disease. Diabetes and deafness (DAD) or maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) or mitochondrial diabetes is a subtype of diabetes which is caused from a mutation in mitochondrial DNA, which consists of a circular genome. It is associated with the genes MT-TL1, MT-TE, and MT-TK. [1]
Type 3 diabetes is a proposed pathological linkage between Alzheimer's disease and certain features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [1] Specifically, the term refers to a set of common biochemical and metabolic features seen in the brain in Alzheimer's disease, and in other tissues in diabetes; [1] [2] it may thus be considered a "brain-specific type of diabetes."