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Work on VRRP started in 1997 with a first draft published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). In 1998, the protocol was officially defined. [2] VRRP is an open standard, but Cisco claimed that their Hot Standby Router Protocol, a similar but proprietary protocol with essentially the same facility, is patented and licensed. [3]
Its primary purpose is to provide failover redundancy, especially when used with firewalls and routers. In some configurations, CARP can also provide load balancing functionality. CARP provides functionality similar to Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) and to Cisco Systems' Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP).
A first hop redundancy protocol (FHRP) is a computer networking protocol which is designed to protect the default gateway used on a subnetwork by allowing two or more routers to provide backup for that address; [1] [2] in the event of failure of an active router, the backup router will take over the address, usually within a few seconds.
In a typical deployment, customer edge (CE) routers handle local routing in a traditional fashion and disseminate routing information into the provider edge (PE) where the routing tables are virtualized. The PE router then encapsulates the traffic, marks it to identify the VRF instance, and transmits it across the provider backbone network to ...
VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, Common Address Redundancy Protocol (not IANA assigned) RFC 5798: 0x71 113 PGM PGM Reliable Transport Protocol: RFC 3208: 0x72 114 Any 0-hop protocol 0x73 115 L2TP Layer Two Tunneling Protocol Version 3: RFC 3931: 0x74 116 DDX D-II Data Exchange (DDX) 0x75 117 IATP Interactive Agent Transfer Protocol ...
Convergence is the state of a set of routers that have the same topological information about the internetwork in which they operate. For a set of routers to have converged, they must have collected all available topology information from each other via the implemented routing protocol, the information they gathered must not contradict any other router's topology information in the set, and it ...
It is implemented through the use of the router configuration commands ip helper-address and ip forward-protocol. ip helper-address To enable the forwarding of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) broadcasts, including BOOTP, received on an interface, use the ip helper-address command in interface configuration mode.
The primary router with the highest configured priority will act as a virtual router with a pre-defined gateway IP address and will respond to the ARP or ND request from machines connected to the LAN with a virtual MAC address. If the primary router should fail, the router with the next-highest priority would take over the gateway IP address ...