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This is a list of unusually long mathematical proofs. Such proofs often use computational proof methods and may be considered non-surveyable. As of 2011, the longest mathematical proof, measured by number of published journal pages, is the classification of finite simple groups with well over 10000 pages. There are several proofs that would be ...
After Fermat proved the special case n = 4, the general proof for all n required only that the theorem be established for all odd prime exponents. [72] In other words, it was necessary to prove only that the equation a n + b n = c n has no positive integer solutions (a, b, c) when n is an odd prime number.
Bertrand's postulate and a proof; Estimation of covariance matrices; Fermat's little theorem and some proofs; Gödel's completeness theorem and its original proof; Mathematical induction and a proof; Proof that 0.999... equals 1; Proof that 22/7 exceeds π; Proof that e is irrational; Proof that π is irrational
Strictly speaking, these proofs are unnecessary, since these cases follow from the proofs for n = 3, n = 5, n = 7, respectively. Nevertheless, the reasoning of these even-exponent proofs differs from their odd-exponent counterparts. Dirichlet's proof for n = 14 was published in 1832, before Lamé's 1839 proof for n = 7.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
Proofs of the mathematical result that the rational number 22 / 7 is greater than π (pi) date back to antiquity. One of these proofs, more recently developed but requiring only elementary techniques from calculus, has attracted attention in modern mathematics due to its mathematical elegance and its connections to the theory of Diophantine approximations.
List of mathematical functions; List of mathematical identities; List of mathematical proofs; List of misnamed theorems; List of scientific laws; List of theories; Most of the results below come from pure mathematics, but some are from theoretical physics, economics, and other applied fields.
The resulting proof, initially 200 terabytes in size, was compressed to 68 gigabytes. The findings were published in the SAT 2016 conference paper "Solving and Verifying the Boolean Pythagorean Triples problem via Cube-and-Conquer," which received the best paper award.