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Precision Metalforming Association or PMA is a trade association [1] representing the $137-billion metalforming industry of North America: the industry that creates precision metal products using stamping, fabricating, spinning, slide forming and roll forming technologies, and other value-added processes. PMA’s origin was the Pressed Metal ...
Melt spinning is a metal forming technique that is typically used to form thin ribbons of metal or alloys with a particular atomic structure. [1] Some important commercial applications of melt-spun metals include high-efficiency transformers (Amorphous metal transformer), sensory devices, telecommunications equipment, and power electronics. [2]
IMC International Metalworking Companies B.V., otherwise known as IMC Group, is the holding company of several worldwide manufacturers of metal cutting tools. [citation needed] Together they produce a wide range of carbide inserts, carbide endmills and cutting tools covering all metal cutting applications. The IMC Group is in the automotive ...
A billet is a length of metal that has a round or square cross-section, with an area less than 36 in 2 (230 cm 2). Billets are created directly via continuous casting or extrusion or indirectly via hot rolling an ingot or bloom. [1] [2] [4] Billets are further processed via profile rolling and drawing. Final products include bar stock and wire. [3]
In metalworking, forming is the fashioning of metal parts and objects through mechanical deformation; the workpiece is reshaped without adding or removing material, and its mass remains unchanged. [1] Forming operates on the materials science principle of plastic deformation, where the physical shape of a material is permanently deformed.
The forming process is most often used to shrink or expand cylindrical tubing, but it can also form sheet metal by repelling the work piece onto a shaped die at a high velocity. High-quality joints can be formed, either by electromagnetic pulse crimping with a mechanical interlock or by electromagnetic pulse welding with a true metallurgical weld.
Hydroforming uses liquid under extreme pressures to form metal tubes. It was developed for the plumbing industry and by 1990 achieved production efficiencies suited for high volume autos. Typically hydroforming is done at ambient temperatures, and limits the forming elongation of metals to 8–12% diameter increase for aluminum , and 25–40% ...