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Endothelial cells accomplish these feats by using depolarization to alter their structural strength. When an endothelial cell undergoes depolarization, the result is a marked decrease in the rigidity and structural strength of the cell by altering the network of fibers that provide these cells with their structural support.
The subsequent depolarization of the cell opens voltage-gated calcium channels leading to an influx of Ca 2+ in the cell, which is required for the release of insulin. [ 3 ] The secretion of insulin by these beta cells is regulated by the paracrine activity of alpha and delta cells also located within the pancreatic islets, and the autocrine ...
When the endothelial cell in the tunica intima of an artery is stretched it is likely that the endothelial cell may signal constriction to the muscle cell layer in a paracrine fashion. Increase in blood pressure may cause depolarisation of the affected myocytes as well or endothelial cells alone.
The endothelium (pl.: endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. [1] The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
In blood vessels Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor or EDHF is proposed to be a substance and/or electrical signal that is generated or synthesized in and released from the endothelium; its action is to hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscle cells, causing these cells to relax, thus allowing the blood vessel to expand in diameter. [1]
Studies have shown that when vascular trauma occurs, EPCs and circulating endothelial progenitors (CEPs) are attracted to the site due to the release of specific chemokines. [19] CEPs are derived from EPCs within the bone marrow, and the bone marrow is a reservoir of stem and progenitor cells.
Gonadotropic cells (also known as gonadotropes, gonadotrophs, delta cells, or delta basophils) are endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary that produce gonadotropins.More specifically, gonadotrophs produce and secrete glycoprotein polypeptide hormones, such as the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are released due to the positive input of gonadotropin ...
Erythropoietin is an essential hormone for red blood cell production. Without it, definitive erythropoiesis does not take place. Under hypoxic conditions, the kidney will produce and secrete erythropoietin to increase the production of red blood cells by targeting CFU-E , pro erythroblast and basophilic erythroblast subsets in the differentiation.