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An inguinal hernia or groin hernia is a hernia (protrusion) of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Symptoms, which may include pain or discomfort especially with or following coughing, exercise, or bowel movements, are absent in about a third of patients. Symptoms often get worse throughout the day and improve when lying down.
Left and right inguinal regions shown in lower part of diagram. In human anatomy, the groin, also known as the inguinal region or iliac region, [1] is the junctional area between the torso and the thigh. [2] The groin is at the front of the body on either side of the pubic tubercle, where the lower part of the abdominal wall meets the thigh.
Inguinal lymphadenopathy causes swollen lymph nodes in the groin area. It can be a symptom of infective or neoplastic processes. It can be a symptom of infective or neoplastic processes. Infective aetiologies include Tuberculosis, HIV , non-specific or reactive lymphadenopathy to recent lower limb infection or groin infections.
Groin hernias occur more often on the right than left side. [1] The main concern is bowel strangulation, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked. [1] This usually produces severe pain and tenderness in the area. [1] Hiatus, or hiatal hernias often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain while eating. [3]
Inguinal hernia surgery is an operation to repair a weakness in the abdominal wall that abnormally allows abdominal contents to slip into a narrow tube called the inguinal canal in the groin region. There are two different clusters of hernia: groin and ventral (abdominal) wall. Groin hernia includes femoral, obturator, and inguinal. [1]
The superior-most node is situated in the groin, deep to the inguinal ligament, and is termed the Cloquet's node (also Rosenmuller's node). [7] It can instead be considered as the inferior-most of the external iliac lymph nodes. [8] [citation needed] Cloquet's node is also considered as a potential sentinel lymph node. [7] [9]
Femoral hernias typically present as a groin lump or bulge, which may differ in size during the day, based on internal pressure variations of the intestine. This lump is typically retort shaped. The bulge or lump is typically smaller or may disappear completely in the prone position. [8] They may or may not be associated with pain.
Lymphedema, also known as lymphoedema and lymphatic edema, is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. [2] The lymphatic system functions as a critical portion of the body's immune system and returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.