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To detect knock, a piezoelectric knock sensor (basically a microphone) bolted to the engine block responds to unique frequencies caused by engine knock. The sensor generates a small voltage that is sent to the electronic control unit , which processes the signal to determine if, in fact, knock is occurring.
Isolated Ćuk converter with gapless AC transformer. As the non-isolated Ćuk converter, the isolated Ćuk converter can have an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or less than the input voltage magnitude, even with a 1:1 AC transformer. However, the turns ratio can be controlled to reduce device stress on the input side.
A control loop is permanently monitoring the signal of one or more knock sensors (commonly piezoelectric sensor which are able to translate vibrations into an electric signal). If the characteristic pressure peak of a knocking combustion is detected the ignition timing is retarded by steps of a few degrees.
Since the power converter consists of power semiconductor device switches, it is a nonlinear and time-variant system. [1] One assumption of black box model of a power converter is that the system is regarded as linear system when the filter is designed properly to avoid saturation and nonlinear effects. Another strong assumption related to the ...
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Small business owners should not forget about a rule — currently in legal limbo — that would require them to register with an agency called the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, or FinCEN ...
A resonant converter is a type of electric power converter that contains a network of inductors and capacitors called a resonant tank, tuned to resonate at a specific frequency. They find applications in electronics, in integrated circuits. [1] There are multiple types of resonant converter: Series resonant converter [2] Parallel resonant converter