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During Tanner V, females stop growing and reach their adult height. Usually, this happens in their mid teens at 14 or 15 years for females. Males also stop growing and reach their adult height during Tanner V; usually this happens in their late teens at 16 to 17 years, [medical citation needed] but can be a lot later, even into the early 20s.
The height, weight, and head circumference of a child can be compared to the expected parameters of children of the same age and sex to determine whether the child is growing appropriately. Growth charts can also be used to predict the expected adult height and weight of a child because, in general, children maintain a fairly constant growth curve.
A child's current height and bone age can be used to predict adult height. [4] Other uses of bone age measurements include assisting in the diagnosis of medical conditions affecting children, such as constitutional growth delay , precocious puberty , thyroid dysfunction , growth hormone deficiency , and other causes of abnormally short or tall ...
Based on his research, Tanner noted that 90% of an individual child's adult height is based on genetic factors, but that the environment is the key factor when thousands of children are studied. By studying the growth characteristics of large populations, Tanner concluded that community-wide data on adult height was an indicator of how a ...
Puberty generally ends between 15—17 for females and 16–17 for males. [1] [2] [3] Females attain reproductive maturity about four years after the first physical changes of puberty appear. [13] In contrast, males accelerate more slowly but continue to grow for about six years after the first visible pubertal changes. [14]
Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age. [1] It is a manifestation of malnutrition (undernutrition) and can be caused by endogenous factors (such as chronic food insecurity) or exogenous factors (such as parasitic infection).
Puberty is considered delayed when the child has not begun puberty when two standard deviations or about 95% of children from similar backgrounds have. [7] [8] [9]In North American girls, puberty is considered delayed when breast development has not begun by age 13, when they have not started menstruating by age 15, [2] and when there is no increased growth rate. [8]
[20] [21] Puberty which starts earlier than usual is known as precocious puberty, and puberty which starts later than usual is known as delayed puberty. Notable among the morphologic changes in size, shape, composition, and functioning of the pubertal body, is the development of secondary sex characteristics , the "filling in" of the child's ...