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Old Persian cuneiform is a semi-alphabetic cuneiform script that was the primary script for Old Persian. Texts written in this cuneiform have been found in Iran ( Persepolis , Susa , Hamadan , Kharg Island ), Armenia , Romania ( Gherla ), [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Turkey ( Van Fortress ), and along the Suez Canal . [ 4 ]
The Xerxes I inscription at Van, also known as the XV Achaemenid royal inscription, [1] is a trilingual cuneiform inscription of the Achaemenid King Xerxes I (r. 486–465 BC). [2] [3] It is located on the southern slope of a mountain adjacent to the Van Fortress, near Lake Van in present-day Turkey. [3]
Old Persian texts were written from left to right in the syllabic Old Persian cuneiform script and had 36 phonetic characters and 8 logograms. The usage of logograms is not obligatory. [18] The script was surprisingly [19] not a result of evolution of the script used in the nearby civilisation of Mesopotamia. [20]
There are also differences in details when the text refers to specific people: the Old Persian version often emphasizes the rulers, the Elamite version the locations, and the Babylonian version the subject peoples, reflecting the different social classes that spoke each language. [2]
The Behistun Inscription (also Bisotun, Bisitun or Bisutun; Persian: بیستون, Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning "the place of god") is a multilingual Achaemenid royal inscription and large rock relief on a cliff at Mount Behistun in the Kermanshah Province of Iran, near the city of Kermanshah in western Iran, established by Darius the Great (r.
The decipherment of cuneiform began with the decipherment of Old Persian cuneiform between 1802 and 1836. The first cuneiform inscriptions published in modern times were copied from the Achaemenid royal inscriptions in the ruins of Persepolis, with the first complete and accurate copy being published in 1778 by Carsten Niebuhr. Niebuhr's ...
Rawlinson began to study Persian inscriptions, more particularly those in the cuneiform character, which had been only partially deciphered by Grotefend and Saint-Martin. For two years from 1836, he was in Kermanshah in western Iran , near the great cuneiform inscription at Behistun , written in Old Persian, Elamite , and Babylonian (a later ...
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