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S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM), also known under the commercial names of SAMe, SAM-e, or AdoMet, is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation. Although these anabolic reactions occur throughout the body, most SAM is produced and consumed in the liver. [ 1 ]
S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + S-methyl-5 ′-thioadenosine. Like other PLP dependent enzymes, it catalyzes the reaction through a quinonoid zwitterion intermediate and uses cofactor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, the active form of vitamin B6) for stabilization. [1] [2] [3]
S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase (EC 2.5.1.6), also known as methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), is an enzyme that creates S-adenosylmethionine (also known as AdoMet, SAM or SAMe) by reacting methionine (a non-polar amino acid) and ATP (the basic currency of energy). [1]
Radical SAM enzymes belong to a superfamily of enzymes that use an iron-sulfur cluster to reductively cleave S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to generate a radical, usually a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical (5'-dAdo), as a critical intermediate.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thio-uridylate)-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include transfer ribonucleate 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate , 5-methyltransferase , and tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate 5'-methyltransferase .
The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (adenine-N6-)-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include ribosomal ribonucleate adenine 6-methyltransferase , gene ksgA methyltransferase , ribonucleic acid-adenine (N6) methylase , ErmC 23S rRNA methyltransferase , and S-adenosyl-L-methionine:rRNA (adenine-6-N ...
The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:1D-myo-inositol 4-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include myo-inositol 4-O-methyltransferase , S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myo-inositol 4-O-methyltransferase , and myo-inositol 6-O-methyltransferase .
The function of the HNMT enzyme is histamine metabolism by ways of N τ-methylation using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e) as the methyl donor, producing N τ-methylhistamine, which, unless excreted, can be further processed by monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) or by diamine oxidase (DAO). Methylated histamine metabolites are excreted with urine. [16] [17]
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