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The vomiting act encompasses three types of outputs initiated by the chemoreceptor trigger zone: Motor, parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and sympathetic nervous system (SNS). They are as follows: Increased salivation to protect tooth enamel from stomach acids. [12] (Excessive vomiting leads to dental erosion.) This is part of the PNS output.
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a medical condition where there is an obstruction at the level of the pylorus, which is the outlet of the stomach. Individuals with gastric outlet obstruction will often have recurrent vomiting of food that has accumulated in the stomach, but which cannot pass into the small intestine due to the obstruction ...
Vomiting is characterized by retching and forceful evacuation of gastric contents from the stomach up to and out of the mouth. Some patients may experience retching without gastric contents being expelled. [10] Postprandial fullness is an unpleasant feeling of stomach fullness that occurs after eating.
There may be no symptoms but, when symptoms are present, the most common is upper abdominal pain (see dyspepsia). [1] Other possible symptoms include nausea and vomiting, bloating, loss of appetite and heartburn. [1] [2] Complications may include stomach bleeding, stomach ulcers, and stomach tumors. [1]
Hematemesis (vomiting blood), coffee ground vomiting, melena, hematochezia (maroon-coloured stool) in severe cases Upper gastrointestinal bleeding ( UGIB ) is gastrointestinal bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract , commonly defined as bleeding arising from the esophagus , stomach , or duodenum .
Stomach pain is a common symptom of functional dyspepsia. Symptoms: Early satiety, heartburn, nausea, postprandial fullness, vomiting, and/or epigastric pain. [1] Complications: Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatization. [2] Types: Postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome. [1] Diagnostic method: Rome IV criteria. [1 ...
The differential diagnosis can be complicated somewhat if the person exhibits only vomiting or diarrhea (rather than both). [1] Appendicitis may present with vomiting, abdominal pain, and a small amount of diarrhea in up to 33% of cases. [1] This is in contrast to the large amount of diarrhea that is typical of gastroenteritis. [1]
Portal hypertensive gastropathy can also be treated with endoscopic treatment delivered through a fibre-optic camera into the stomach. Argon plasma coagulation and electrocautery have both been used to stop bleeding from ectatic vessels, and to attempt to obliterate the vessels, but have limited utility if the disease is diffuse. [8] [10]