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  2. Epeirogenic movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeirogenic_movement

    In geology, epeirogenic movement (from Greek epeiros, land, and genesis, birth) is upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding apart from broad undulations. [1] The broad central parts of continents are called cratons , and are subject to epeirogeny . [ 2 ]

  3. Meteorite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite

    The 60-tonne, 2.7 m-long (8.9 ft) Hoba meteorite in Namibia is the largest known intact meteorite.[1]A meteorite is a rock that originated in outer space and has fallen to the surface of a planet or moon.

  4. Elastic-rebound theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic-rebound_theory

    As the Earth's crust deforms, the rocks which span the opposing sides of a fault are subjected to shear stress. Slowly they deform , until their internal rigidity is exceeded. Then they separate with a rupture along the fault; the sudden movement releases accumulated energy , and the rocks snap back almost to their original shape.

  5. Newton's theorem of revolving orbits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_theorem_of...

    If an elliptical orbit is stationary, the particle rotates about the center of force by 180° as it moves from one end of the long axis to the other (the two apses). Thus, the corresponding apsidal angle α for a general central force equals k×180°, using the general law θ 2 = k θ 1.

  6. Lithosphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere

    Here, is the thickness of the oceanic mantle lithosphere, is the thermal diffusivity (approximately 1.0 × 10 −6 m 2 /s or 6.5 × 10 −4 sq ft/min) for silicate rocks, and is the age of the given part of the lithosphere. The age is often equal to L/V, where L is the distance from the spreading centre of mid-ocean ridge, and V is velocity of ...

  7. Deferent and epicycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferent_and_epicycle

    What was needed was Kepler's elliptical-orbit theory, not published until 1609 and 1619. Copernicus' work provided explanations for phenomena like retrograde motion, but really did not prove that the planets actually orbited the Sun. The deferent (O) is offset from the Earth (T). P is the center of the epicycle of the Sun S.

  8. Geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology

    Solidified lava flow in Hawaii Sedimentary layers in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Metamorphic rock, Nunavut, Canada. Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία () 'study of, discourse') [1] [2] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [3]

  9. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    The use of rock has had a huge impact on the cultural and technological development of the human race. Rock has been used by humans and other hominids for at least 2.5 million years. [22] Lithic technology marks some of the oldest and continuously used technologies. The mining of rock for its metal content has been one of the most important ...