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It is a popular misconception that MSG can cause headaches and other feelings of discomfort, known as "Chinese restaurant syndrome". Several blinded studies show no such effects when MSG is combined with food in normal concentrations, and are inconclusive when MSG is added to broth in large concentrations.
The controversy surrounding the safety of MSG started with the publication of Robert Ho Man Kwok's correspondence letter titled "Chinese-Restaurant Syndrome" in the New England Journal of Medicine on 4 April 1968. [22] [23] In his letter, Kwok suggested several possible causes for symptoms that he experienced before he nominated MSG.
Brain trauma or stroke can cause ischemia, in which blood flow is reduced to inadequate levels. Ischemia is followed by accumulation of glutamate and aspartate in the extracellular fluid , causing cell death, which is aggravated by lack of oxygen and glucose .
He has been quoted several times in media outlets regarding his position that MSG is toxic to the brain. [10] [11] [12] He also states that the widely used artificial sweetener aspartame is toxic [13] [14] and may be the cause of multiple sclerosis. [15] He has additionally cautioned against heavy use of the artificial sweetener Splenda . [16]
Metastasis is the most common cause of brain cancer, as primary tumors that originate in the brain are less common. [4] The most common sites of primary cancer which metastasize to the brain are lung, breast, colon, kidney, and skin cancer. Brain metastases can occur months or even years after the original or primary cancer is treated.
Several types of cancer are associated with high survival rates, including breast, prostate, testicular and colon cancer. Brain and pancreatic cancers have much lower median survival rates which have not improved as dramatically over the last forty years. [4] Indeed, pancreatic cancer has one of the worst survival rates of all cancers.
John McCain opted to discontinue treatment, as "the progress of disease and the inexorable advance of age render their verdict," a statement released by the family said.
Glutamate (the conjugate base of glutamic acid) is abundant in the human body, but particularly in the nervous system and especially prominent in the human brain where it is the body's most prominent neurotransmitter, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, and also the precursor for GABA, the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter. [2]