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Tree, shrubs and ground-cover are effective perimeter treatment for soil erosion prevention, by impeding surface flows. A special form of this perimeter or inter-row treatment is the use of a "grass way" that both channels and dissipates runoff through surface friction, impeding surface runoff and encouraging infiltration of the slowed surface ...
Silt fence installed up-slope of a vegetated stream buffer. A silt fence, sometimes (misleadingly) called a "filter fence," [1] is a temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil) in stormwater runoff.
Erosion control is the practice of preventing or controlling wind or water erosion in agriculture, land development, coastal areas, river banks and construction. Effective erosion controls handle surface runoff and are important techniques in preventing water pollution , soil loss , wildlife habitat loss and human property loss.
Retention ponds such as this one in Dunfermline, Scotland, are considered components of a sustainable drainage system. Sustainable drainage systems (also known as SuDS, [1] SUDS, [2] [3] or sustainable urban drainage systems [4]) are a collection of water management practices that aim to align modern drainage systems with natural water processes and are part of a larger green infrastructure ...
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the process of collecting and storing rainwater rather than letting it run off. Rainwater harvesting systems are increasingly becoming an integral part of the sustainable rainwater management "toolkit" [5] and are widely used in homes, home-scale projects, schools and hospitals for a variety of purposes including watering gardens, livestock, [6] irrigation, home ...
Flooding can be caused by a mix of both natural processes, such as extreme weather upstream, and human changes to waterbodies and runoff. Flood management methods can be either of the structural type (i.e. flood control) and of the non-structural type. Structural methods hold back floodwaters physically, while non-structural methods do not.
A drainage equation is an equation describing the relation between depth and spacing of parallel subsurface drains, depth of the watertable, depth and hydraulic conductivity of the soils.
A runoff models or rainfall-runoff model describes how rainfall is converted into runoff in a drainage basin (catchment area or watershed). More precisely, it produces a surface runoff hydrograph in response to a rainfall event, represented by and input as a hyetograph. Rainfall-runoff models need to be calibrated before they can be used.