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PANS-TRG: Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Training (ICAO Doc. 9868) [4] PANS-AD (PANS-Aerodrome, ICAO Doc 9981) PANS-OPS (Aircraft operations, ICAO Doc 8168) PANS-ABC (Abbreviations and codes, ICAO Doc 8400) PANS-AIM (Aeronautical information management, ICAO Doc 10066)
RNP procedures were introduced in the PANS-OPS (ICAO Doc 8168), which became applicable in 1998. These RNP procedures were the predecessor of the current PBN concept, whereby the performance for operation on the route is defined (in lieu of flight elements such as flyover procedures, variability in flight paths, and added airspace buffer), but they resulted in no significant design advantages.
Approach category definitions in the United States of America are similar to those defined by ICAO. They are defined in terms of V REF of a given aircraft, or if V REF is not specified, 1.3 V s0 at the maximum certificated landing weight.
Aircraft maneuvering is referenced to a standard rate turn, [1] also known as a rate one turn (ROT).. A standard rate turn is defined as a 3° per second turn, which completes a 360° turn in 2 minutes.
An "approach plate" depicting an instrument approach procedure for an ILS approach to Tacoma Narrows Airport in the United StatesIn aviation, an instrument approach or instrument approach procedure (IAP) is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft operating under instrument flight rules from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing, or to a point ...
Standards And Recommended Practices (SARPs) are technical specifications adopted by the Council of ICAO in accordance with Article 37 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation in order to achieve "the highest practicable degree of uniformity in regulations, standards, procedures and organization in relation to aircraft, personnel, airways and auxiliary services in all matters in which ...
Aeronautical Message Handling System (AMHS) or Air Traffic Services Message Handling System (ATSMHS) is a standard for aeronautical ground-ground communications (e.g. for the transmission of NOTAM, flight plans or meteorological data) based on X.400 profiles.
ILS planes. An instrument landing system operates as a ground-based instrument approach system that provides precision lateral and vertical guidance to an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway, using a combination of radio signals and, in many cases, high-intensity lighting arrays to enable a safe landing during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), such as low ceilings or reduced ...