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Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...
The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. ' 'Sufism' '), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [14] [15] [16] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [14]
The first spread of Sufi spirituality can be traced back to Ibn Masarra (883-931), who wrote works in the line of Mutazilism and Batimi Sufism. [1] His text are lost and what is known about them is due mainly to the work of a later disciple, Ibn al-A'rabi (1165-1240).
Ottoman Dervish portrayed by Amedeo Preziosi, c. 1860s, Muzeul Naţional de Artă al României. The emergence of Sufi thought is commonly linked to the historical developments of the Middle East in the seventh and eighth centuries CE following the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and its development took place throughout the centuries after that.
The scion of a family of Indian mystics and musicians of Central Asian origin, Inayat Khan was trained and authorized in the Chishti, Suhrawardi, Qadiri, and Naqshbandi lineages of Sufism. The Chishti order had for centuries engaged with Hindu spiritual traditions, thus exemplifying a broader Indian cultural phenomenon popularly known as ganga ...
The Spanish encouraged slaves from the southern colonies to come to Florida as a refuge, promising freedom in exchange for conversion to Catholicism. In 1693, [46] King Charles II of Spain issued a royal proclamation freeing all slaves who fled to Spanish Florida and accepted conversion and baptism. Most went to the area around St. Augustine ...
Since then Florida has had many waves of colonization and immigration, including French and Spanish settlement during the 16th century, as well as entry of new Native American groups migrating from elsewhere in the South, and free black people and fugitive slaves, who in the 19th century became allied with the Native Americans as Black Seminoles.
The French followed the Saturiwa in this usage, but the Spanish applied the term "Timucua" much more widely to groups within a wide section of interior North Florida. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] In the 16th century they designated the area north of the Santa Fe River between the St. Johns and Suwannee Rivers (roughly the area of the group known as the Northern ...