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Justification and excuse are different defenses in a criminal case (See Justification and excuse). [1] Exculpation is a related concept which reduces or extinguishes a person's culpability , such as their liability to pay compensation to the victim of a tort in the civil law .
[2] An example is that breaking into someone's home during a fire in order to rescue a child inside, is justified. If the same act is done in the reasonable but mistaken belief that there was a fire, then the act is excused. What is justified under a utilitarian perspective might be excused under a retributivist standpoint, and vice versa.
Self-justification describes how, when a person encounters cognitive dissonance, or a situation in which a person's behavior is inconsistent with their beliefs , that person tends to justify the behavior and deny any negative feedback associated with the behavior.
In an affirmative defense, the defendant may concede that they committed the alleged acts, but they prove other facts which, under the law, either justify or excuse their otherwise wrongful actions, or otherwise overcomes the plaintiff's claim. In criminal law, an affirmative defense is sometimes called a justification or excuse defense. [4]
Justification (also called epistemic justification) is a property of beliefs that fulfill certain norms about what a person should believe. [1] [2] Epistemologists often identify justification as a component of knowledge distinguishing it from mere true opinion. [3] They study the reasons why someone holds a belief. [4]
The difference between the two is that actions are intentional behavior, i.e. they are performed for a purpose and guided by it. In this regard, intentional behavior like driving a car is either rational or irrational while non-intentional behavior like sneezing is outside the domain of rationality.
Justification is a defense in a criminal case, by which a defendant who committed the acts asserts that because what they did meets certain legal standards, they are not criminally culpable for the acts which would otherwise be criminal. [1] Justification and excuse are related but different defenses (see Justification and excuse). [1]
Some states make a distinction between a mistake as to the substance and effect of existing laws, and a mistake that the law creates a specific right to act in the particular way. [ 1 ] : 98–99 [ citation needed ] For example: A, the owner of a vehicle, takes it into a garage for repair and when returning to collect it, A finds that the ...