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Diseases can be avoided with proper maintenance of the feed and feeder. A feeder is the device that supplies the feed to the poultry. [8] For privately raised chickens, or chickens as pets, feed can be delivered through jar, trough or tube feeders. The use of poultry feed can also be supplemented with food found through foraging. [9]
The global average in 2013 is around 2.0 for weight gain (live weight) and 2.8 for slaughtered meat (carcass weight). [ 26 ] For hens used in egg production in the US, as of 2011 [update] the FCR was about 2, with each hen laying about 330 eggs per year. [ 25 ]
The amount eaten by humans differs from carcass mass availability because the latter does not account for losses, which include bones, losses in retail and food service or home preparation (including trim and cooking), spoilage and "downstream" waste, and amounts consumed by pets (compare dressed weight).
However, for boneless, skinless chicken breast, the amount is much lower. 100 grams (3.5 oz) of raw chicken breast contains 2 grams (0.071 oz) of fat and 22 grams (0.78 oz) of protein, compared to 9 grams (0.32 oz) of fat and 20 grams (0.71 oz) of protein for the same portion of raw beef flank steak.
The United States Department of Agriculture sizing is based by weight per dozen. [4] The most common U.S. size of chicken egg is 'Large' and is the egg size commonly referred to for recipes. The following egg masses including shell have been calculated on the basis of the USDA sizing per dozen:
This is combined with artificial lighting conditions to stimulate eating and growth and thus the desired body weight. In the U.S., the average feed conversion ratio (FCR) of a broiler was 1.91 kilograms of feed per kilograms of liveweight in 2011, an improvement from 4.70 in 1925. [18] Canada has a typical FCR of 1.72. [19]
Actual manure generation will be lower because it is only a fractional component of litter. This translates to an average of about 0.7 ounce per day per bird, varying considerably over the life of the bird. This means that a single broiler house, which can contain well over 20,000 birds can generate over 40,000 lb (18,000 kg) of litter per flock.
Roxarsone is an organoarsenic compound that has been used in poultry production as a feed additive to increase weight gain and improve feed efficiency, and as a coccidiostat. [1] As of June 2011, it was approved for chicken feed in the United States , Canada , Australia , and 12 other countries. [ 2 ]