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In 2000s, researchers had started to propose a type of on-chip interconnection in the form of packet switching networks [1] in order to address the scalability issues of bus-based design. Preceding researches proposed the design that routes data packets instead of routing the wires. [2] Then, the concept of "network on chips" was proposed in ...
Inter-network routing and global addressing are higher-layer functions, allowing data-link protocols to focus on local delivery, addressing, and media arbitration. In this way, the data link layer is analogous to a neighborhood traffic cop; it endeavors to arbitrate between parties contending for access to a medium, without concern for their ...
The channel access control mechanism relies on a physical layer multiplex scheme. The most widespread multiple access method is the contention-based CSMA/CD used in Ethernet networks. This mechanism is only utilized within a network collision domain, for example, an Ethernet bus network or a hub-based star topology network.
In packet switching networks, routing is the higher-level decision making that directs network packets from their source toward their destination through intermediate network nodes by specific packet forwarding mechanisms. Packet forwarding is the transit of network packets from one network interface to another.
Network architecture is the design of a computer network.It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR / ˈ s aɪ d ər, ˈ s ɪ-/) is a method for allocating IP addresses for IP routing.The Internet Engineering Task Force introduced CIDR in 1993 to replace the previous classful network addressing architecture on the Internet.
HDLC was the inspiration for the IEEE 802.2 LLC protocol, and it is the basis for the framing mechanism used with the PPP on synchronous lines, as used by many servers to connect to a WAN, most commonly the Internet. A similar version is used as the control channel for E-carrier (E1) and SONET multichannel telephone lines.
Local area networking standards such as Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 specifications use terminology from the seven-layer OSI model rather than the TCP/IP model. The TCP/IP model, in general, does not consider physical specifications, rather it assumes a working network infrastructure that can deliver media-level frames on the link.