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A torque converter is a device, usually implemented as a type of fluid coupling, that transfers rotating power from a prime mover, like an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. In a vehicle with an automatic transmission , the torque converter connects the prime mover to the automatic gear train, which then drives the load.
The situation persisted for several generations of four- and six-cylinder British engines: For example, Jaguar's 3.4-litre XK engine of the 1950s had six cylinders with a bore of 83 mm (3.27 in) and a stroke of 106 mm (4.17 in), [27] where most American automakers had long since moved to oversquare (large bore, short stroke) V8 engines.
For 2014 S-Class models (chassis code W222), power is increased to 335 kW (449 bhp; 455 PS) at 5,250 rpm, while torque remains at 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) between 1,800-3,500 rpm. . [7] These engines are mated to the 7G-Tronic 7-speed automatic transmission, and the new 9G-Tronic 9-speed automatic transmission. Applications: [2]
Speed has dropped out of the equation, and the only variables are the torque and displacement volume. Since the range of maximum brake mean effective pressures for good engine designs is well established, we now have a displacement-independent measure of the torque-producing capacity of an engine design – a specific torque of sorts.
S400h hybrid model used this engine from 2012 to 2017 in combination with an electric motor in between the engine and torque converter. A detuned version of this engine was introduced on C300, and used also by E300 and S300 from model year 2013 to 2015, producing 248 hp (185 kW; 251 PS) and 251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) of torque.
The main difference between the Land Rover and TVR versions lies in the usage of Land Rover 3.9 pistons (usually of the 9.35:1 compression version, some report of low compression (8.13:1) pistons being used in a small number of engines) of which the tops were machined down to match the deck height, thus increasing static compression ratio.
The difference in peak power and torque is due to the catalytic converters being located closer to the engine on the North American spec cars, which allows the catalysts to heat up faster and reduce cold start emissions. 678 M Coupes were made for the American market, with a total of 1,112 M Coupes built with the S54 engine worldwide. [9]
The first engine to have such an upgrade available was the D5244T4, and the upgrade increased the torque from 400 to 450 N⋅m (295 to 332 lb⋅ft), and power from 185 to 205 PS (136 to 151 kW). The same upgrade was available for the mechanically-identical D5244T5. Similar upgrades have since been launched for later engines. [5]
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