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This PHP example implementation implements the __toString() magic method. [17] Furthermore, it implements the JsonSerializable interface which is used by the built-in json_encode function to serialize the class into a simple string instead of a composite data type. [18] The class is declared using the final modifier keyword to prevent ...
How can an object's instantiation be deferred to a subclass? Create an object by calling a factory method instead of directly calling a constructor. This enables the creation of subclasses that can change the way in which an object is created (for example, by redefining which class to instantiate).
Creation procedures must leave the newly initialized object in a state that satisfies the class invariant. [b] Although object creation involves some subtleties, [10] the creation of an attribute with a typical declaration x: T as expressed in a creation instruction create x.make consists of the following sequence of steps:
For example, in Java, the Comparable interface specifies a method compareTo() which implementing classes must implement. This means that a sorting method, for example, can sort a collection of any objects of types which implement the Comparable interface, without having to know anything about the inner nature of the class (except that two of ...
A class diagram exemplifying the singleton pattern. In object-oriented programming, the singleton pattern is a software design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a singular instance. It is one of the well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns, which describe how to solve recurring problems in object-oriented software. [1]
The Java Native Interface (JNI) is a foreign function interface programming framework that enables Java code running in a Java virtual machine (JVM) to call and be called by [1] native applications (programs specific to a hardware and operating system platform) and libraries written in other languages such as C, C++ and assembly.
The receiver is typically also the target object. For example, if the receiver object is a cursor and the method is called moveUp, then one would expect that the cursor is the target of the moveUp action. On the other hand, if the code is defined by the command object itself, the target object will be a different object entirely.
For example, the Document Object Model (DOM) is a collection of objects that represent a page in a web browser, used by script programs to examine and dynamically change the page. There is a Microsoft Excel object model [1] for controlling Microsoft Excel from another program, and the ASCOM Telescope Driver is an object model for controlling an ...