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Chemical structure of the prototypical Z-drug zolpidem. Nonbenzodiazepines (/ ˌ n ɒ n ˌ b ɛ n z oʊ d aɪ ˈ æ z ɪ p iː n,-ˈ eɪ-/ [1] [2]), sometimes referred to colloquially as Z-drugs (as many of their names begin with the letter "z"), are a class of psychoactive, depressant, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic drugs that are benzodiazepine-like in uses, such as for treating insomnia [3 ...
It may also exhibit antiamnesia effects for the Alzheimer's type and cerebrovascular type of dementia. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In addition, research in animal models suggests antiamnesic effects against a number of memory impairing substances, including: ethanol, chlorodiazepoxide, scopolamine, bicuculline, picrotoxin, and cycloheximide.
The nonbenzodiazepines, also called benzodiazepine-like drugs, are a class of psychoactive drugs pharmacologically resembling the benzodiazepines, with similar benefits, side effects and risks, despite having dissimilar or entirely different chemical structures.
In older people with dementia, its use increases the risk of death. [11] Use in the third trimester of pregnancy may result in a movement disorder in the baby for some time after birth. [11] Quetiapine is believed to work by blocking a number of receptors, including those for serotonin and dopamine. [11]
In 2012 the American Geriatrics Society recommended that benzodiazepines such as diazepam, and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, be avoided for people with dementia due to the risks of increased cognitive impairment and falls. [237] Benzodiazepines are also known to promote delirium. [238]
Brexpiprazole, sold under the brand name Rexulti among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.
Memantine acts as a non-competitive antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor, with a potency similar to that for the NMDA receptor. [37] Many 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists function as antiemetics , however the clinical significance of this anti-serotonergic activity of memantine in Alzheimer's disease is unknown.
Etifoxine, sold under the trade name Stresam among others, is a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic agent, primarily indicated for short-term management of adjustment disorder, specifically instances of situational depression accompanied by anxiety, such as stress-induced anxiety.