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Trauma is the most common cause of loss of permanent incisors in childhood. Dental trauma often leads to complications such as pulpal necrosis, and it is nearly impossible to predict the long-term prognosis of the injured tooth; the injury often results in long-term restorative problems. [51] [52] [53]
Dental trauma is a major global health issue and it affects 17.5% of children and adolescents. [9] It is most commonly seen in school children. Dental subluxation is one of the most common traumatic injuries in primary dentition. Maxillary central incisors are the most commonly affected teeth.
Endodontists are specialist dentists with additional training, experience and formal qualifications in endodontic treatment, apicectomies, microsurgery, and dental emergency and trauma management. [18] Endodontics is recognized as a specialty by many national dental organizations including the Dental Board of Australia, British General Dental ...
Dental avulsion is a type of dental trauma, and the prevalence of dental trauma is estimated at 17.5% and varies with geographical area. [36] Although dental trauma is relatively low, dental avulsion is the fourth most prevalent type of dental trauma. [37] Dental avulsion is more prevalent in males than females.
According to Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP) guidelines, when teeth have either over-erupted or drifted due to periodontal disease, it is recommended to check for fremitus or occlusal interference: [38] 1. Fremitus test. Allows the diagnosis of trauma caused by patient's occlusal forces.
Dental carious lesion. Falls, which account for 65% of cases (Saber Azami-Aghdash et al., 2015), are the most common etiology for traumatic dental injuries, especially in primary dentition. Trauma to the dentition can occur as a result of sports injuries, cycling accidents, motor vehicle accidents, and physical violence (Peng, 2023).
An x-ray of a root canal operation. Before endodontic therapy is carried out, a correct diagnosis of the dental pulp and the surrounding periapical tissues is required. This allows the endodontist to choose the most appropriate treatment option, allowing preservation and longevity of the tooth and surrounding tissues.
Dental intrusion is an apical displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone. This injury is accompanied by extensive damage to periodontal ligament , cementum , disruption of the neurovascular supply to the pulp, and communication or fracture of the alveolar socket.