Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A chromate ester is a chemical structure that contains a chromium atom (symbol Cr) in a +6 oxidation state that is connected via an oxygen (O) linkage to a carbon (C) atom. The Cr itself is in its chromate form, with several oxygens attached, and the Cr–O–C attachment makes this chemical group structurally similar to other ester functional groups.
Oxidative cyclizations of olefinic alcohols to cyclic ethers may occur via [3+2], [2+2], [1] or epoxidation mechanisms. Insights into the mechanism is provided by structure-reactivity, implicating direct epoxidation by the chromate ester. [1] Subsequent epoxide opening and release of chromium leads to the observed products.
Compounds of chromium(V) are rather rare; the oxidation state +5 is only realized in few compounds but are intermediates in many reactions involving oxidations by chromate. The only binary compound is the volatile chromium(V) fluoride (CrF 5). This red solid has a melting point of 30 °C and a boiling point of 117 °C.
The Jones oxidation. Jones reagent is a solution prepared by dissolving chromium trioxide in aqueous sulfuric acid. To effect a Jones oxidation, this acidic mixture is then added to an acetone solution of the substrate. Alternatively, potassium dichromate can be used in place of chromium trioxide. The oxidation is very rapid and quite ...
PCC is used as an oxidant.In particular, it has proven to be highly effective in oxidizing primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively.The reagent is more selective than the related Jones' Reagent, so there is little chance of over-oxidation to form carboxylic acids if acidified potassium permanganate is used as long as water is not present in the reaction mixture.
In aqueous solution, chromate and dichromate anions exist in a chemical equilibrium. 2 CrO 2− 4 + 2 H + ⇌ Cr 2 O 2− 7 + H 2 O. The predominance diagram shows that the position of the equilibrium depends on both pH and the analytical concentration of chromium. [notes 1] Predominance diagram for chromate
Structure of CrO(O 2) 2 (pyridine).Hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms are omitted. Color code: Cr = gray, C= black, H = white, O= red, N = blue. Chromium(VI) oxide peroxide is formed by the addition of acidified hydrogen peroxide solutions to solutions of metal chromates or dichromates, such as sodium chromate or potassium dichromate.
The reaction proceeds through the formation of a chromate ester (1) from nucleophilic attack of the chlorochromate by the allylic alcohol. The ester then undergoes a [3,3]-sigmatropic shift to create the isomeric chromate ester (2). Finally, oxidation of this intermediate yields the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone product (3). [1]