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Eukaryotic life dies out on Earth due to carbon dioxide starvation. Only prokaryotes remain. [90] 1.5 billion Callisto is captured into the mean-motion resonance of the other Galilean moons of Jupiter, completing the 1:2:4:8 chain. (Currently only Io, Europa and Ganymede participate in the 1:2:4 resonance.) [100] 1.5–1.6 billion
The biological and geological future of Earth can be extrapolated based on the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at Earth's surface, the cooling rate of the planet's interior, gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity.
The green, orange and yellow lines indicate how surface temperatures will likely respond if leading carbon emitters begin to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Without immediate curbs, temperatures are set to follow the red track, and increase between 3.2 and 5.4 degrees Celsius by 2100. The green line shows how we can minimize warming if ...
In January 2011, eleven papers and three introductory articles resulting from the conference were published as a special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global temperature increase of four degrees and its implications. [5] [6] Many of the papers are free downloads. The ...
Earth has experienced 12 consecutive months of warming at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius — a threshold for avoiding the worst effects of climate change.
The four RCPs – originally RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, and RCP8.5 – are labelled after the expected changes in radiative forcing values from the year 1750 [24] [25] to the year 2100 (2.6, 4.5, 6, and 8.5 W/m 2, respectively). [26] [27] [28] The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) began to use these four pathways for climate modeling and research ...
The Doomsday Clock is seen at 89 seconds to midnight, the closest the clock has ever been to midnight in its 78-year history. / Credit: SAUL LOEB/AFP via Getty Images
The most pessimistic years have been the last two, when it was set at 90 seconds to midnight, in part because of global nuclear and political tensions, COVID-19, climate change and the threat of ...