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Esophageal candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the esophagus by Candida albicans. The disease usually occurs in patients in immunocompromised states, including post-chemotherapy and in AIDS. However, it can also occur in patients with no predisposing risk factors, and is more likely to be asymptomatic in those patients. [1]
Betacoronavirus hongkonense [1] ( commonly called Human coronavirus HKU1 abbreviated as HCoV-HKU1) is a species of coronavirus in humans and animals. It causes an upper respiratory disease with symptoms of the common cold , but can advance to pneumonia and bronchiolitis . [ 2 ]
Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV), which is a strain of the species Murine coronavirus, [143] is highly infectious coronavirus of laboratory rats, which can be transmitted between individuals by direct contact and indirectly by aerosol. Rabbit enteric coronavirus causes acute gastrointestinal disease and diarrhea in young European rabbits. [127]
Human coronavirus OC43 [1] (HCoV-OC43) is a member of the species Betacoronavirus 1, which infects humans and cattle. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The infecting coronavirus is an enveloped , positive-sense , single-stranded RNA virus that enters its host cell by binding to the N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid receptor . [ 4 ]
Biosafety level 4 laboratories are designed for diagnostic work and research on easily respiratory-acquired viruses which can often cause severe and/or fatal disease. What follows is a list of select agents that have specific biocontainment requirements according to US federal law.
According to the US CDC definition, one has AIDS if he/she is infected with HIV and present with one of the following: A CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells/μl (or a CD4+ T-cell percentage of total lymphocytes of less than 14%) OR. he/she has one of the following defining illnesses: Candidiasis of bronchi, trachea, or lungs; Candidiasis esophageal
Alphacoronavirus amsterdamense [1] ( also called Human coronavirus NL63 abbreviated HCoV-NL63) is a species of coronavirus, specifically a Setracovirus from among the Alphacoronavirus genus. It was identified in late 2004 in patients in the Netherlands by Lia van der Hoek and Krzysztof Pyrc [2] using a novel virus discovery method VIDISCA. [3]
Oral candidiasis (outside neonatal period) Oral hairy leukoplakia; Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis; Pulmonary TB; Severe recurrent presumed bacterial pneumonia; Conditions where confirmatory diagnostic testing is necessary: Chronic HIV-associated lung disease including bronchiectasis; Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP)