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Y-shape steel sleepers (left), versus straight steel/wood sleepers (right) Y-shaped steel sleepers ( German : Y-Stahlschwellen ) are a type of railway sleeper designed to support railway track with a rail fastening system at with three points of contact.
The two sleepers adjacent to a joint may be 12 inches (305 mm) wide where the formation is soft or the traffic is heavy and fast. Sleepers are mostly spaced 2 ft 7 in (0.79 m) apart (centre-to-centre) but are closer adjacent to fishplated rail joints where the spacing sequences are as follows with the spacing at the fishplate highlighted.
Rail anchors, also called anticreepers, are spring steel clips that attach to the underside of the rail baseplate and bear against the sides of the sleepers to prevent longitudinal movement of the rail, either from changes in temperature or through vibration. Anchors may be attached and removed either by hand with hammers, or by an anchor machine.
In 1877, Joseph Monier, a French gardener, suggested that concrete reinforced with steel could be used for making sleepers for railway track. Monier designed a sleeper and obtained a patent for it, but it was not successful. [citation needed] Concrete sleepers were first used on the Alford and Sutton Tramway in 1884. Their first use on a main ...
In 1978, the two cars were returned to broad gauge, and took on the numbers No. 15 Sleeper (ex 1VAC) and No. 16 Sleeper (ex 2VAC) following on from Sleepers 1 to 10 (ex E type carriages) and Sleepers 11 to 14 (ex V&SAR Overland Carriages), for operation on The Vinelander service to Mildura. By 1982 they had been internally refitted as full ...
Sleepers were initially developed without comfort in mind at 18 to 24 in (457 to 610 mm). They quickly grew to 36 to 48 in (914 to 1,219 mm) with long-haul drivers in mind. Their size came to be regulated in the US in the 1950s but length restrictions were removed in the 1980s. [ 5 ]
A bent in American English is a transverse rigid frame (or similar structures such as three-hinged arches).Historically, bents were a common way of making a timber frame; they are still often used for such, and are also seen in small steel-frame buildings, where the term portal frame is more commonly used.
A Pullman-built troop sleeper at the Hoosier Valley Railroad Museum. In United States railroad terminology, a troop sleeper was a railroad passenger car which had been constructed to serve as something of a mobile barracks (essentially, a sleeping car) for transporting troops over distances sufficient to require overnight accommodations. This ...