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Washoe (1965 – October 30, 2007) was a female common chimpanzee who was the first non-human to learn to communicate using signs adapted from American Sign Language (ASL) as part of an animal research experiment on animal language acquisition. [1] Washoe learned approximately 350 signs of ASL, [2] also teaching her adopted son Loulis some signs.
The Gardners decided to test a chimpanzee's abilities with a gestural language, American Sign Language (ASL). They were not the first scientists to come up with this idea. Pepys advocated teaching sign language to chimps in the 17th century; de la Mettrie and Monboddo suggested the same in the 18th; and William Wundt in the early 20th century. [17]
Loulis (born May 10, 1978) is a chimpanzee who has learned to communicate in American Sign Language. Loulis was named for two caregivers (Louise and Lisa) at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, where he was born. After ten months at Yerkes, Loulis was transferred to Oklahoma with Roger Fouts and Washoe, his adoptive ...
On Thursday, The Gorilla Foundation revealed that Koko, one of the few primates able to communicate using sign language, had passed away in her sleep.
Nim Chimpsky [1] (November 19, 1973 – March 10, 2000) was a chimpanzee used in a study to determine whether chimps could learn a human language, American Sign Language (ASL). The project was led by Herbert S. Terrace of Columbia University with linguistic analysis by psycholinguist Thomas Bever.
She demonstrated that Koko was able to communicate using a number of signs adapted from American Sign Language. Gorillas have thick, stubby fingers and hands that move differently than humans, so Koko was unable to make some ASL signs. Francine Patterson used the term "Gorilla Sign Language" to refer to Koko's adaptations. [21]
American Sign Language ASL. Later, it was discovered that Kanzi was producing the articulatory equivalent of the symbols he was indicating, although in a very high pitch and with distortions. [25] According to the research of Dr. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, Kanzi "can understand individual spoken words and how they are used in novel sentences".
The Gardners initially used operant conditioning to teach Washoe signs from American Sign Language (ASL). [7] Fouts, as their employee, was to reward Washoe with praise and treats and use a step-by-step process to get Washoe to sign correctly. But Fouts found more success by catering to Washoe's desire to imitate and socially connect.