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Artistic movements: see list of art movements. Independence movements: see lists of active separatist movements and list of historical separatist movements; Revolutionary movements: see List of revolutions and rebellions; Religious and spiritual movements: see List of religions and spiritual traditions and List of new religious movements
The term "social movements" was introduced in 1848 by the German Sociologist Lorenz von Stein in his book Socialist and Communist Movements since the Third French Revolution (1848) in which he introduced the term "social movement" into scholarly discussions [31] – actually depicting in this way political movements fighting for the social ...
Social movement theory is an interdisciplinary study within the social sciences that generally seeks to explain why social mobilization occurs, the forms under which it manifests, as well as potential social, cultural, political, and economic consequences, such as the creation and functioning of social movements.
The protests of 1968 comprised a worldwide escalation of social conflicts, which were predominantly characterized by the rise of left-wing politics, [1] anti-war sentiment, civil rights urgency, youth counterculture within the silent and baby boomer generations, and popular rebellions against military states and bureaucracies.
The New Left was a broad political movement that emerged from the counterculture of the 1960s and continued through the 1970s. It consisted of activists in the Western world who, in reaction to the era's liberal establishment, campaigned for freer lifestyles on a broad range of social issues such as feminism, gay rights, drug policy reforms, and gender relations. [1]
Political change is the most studied aspect of social movement impacts, and possibly the most hotly contested. [54] Some have argued that because democratic governments are completely permeable to the public, social movements can only create inequality in representation; [55] however, this view has been discredited. [56] [57]
Tilly argues that social movements were a novel phenomenon that emerged in the West in the mid-nineteenth century and that social movements are characterized by three features: (1) a campaign - a "sustained, organized public effort" aimed at making collective demands from public authorities; (2) a repertoire of contention - the use of various ...