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Chainline on a fixed-gear bicycle. The chainline is the angle of a bicycle chain relative to the centerline of the bicycle frame. [1] A bicycle is said to have a perfect chainline if the chain is parallel to the centerline of the frame, which means that the rear sprocket is directly behind the front chainring. [1]
Radius of curvature and center of curvature. In differential geometry, the radius of curvature, R, is the reciprocal of the curvature. For a curve, it equals the radius of the circular arc which best approximates the curve at that point. For surfaces, the radius of curvature is the radius of a circle that best fits a normal section or ...
Bicycle chains Roller chain and sprocket. A bicycle chain is a roller chain that transfers power from the pedals to the drive-wheel of a bicycle, thus propelling it.Most bicycle chains are made from plain carbon or alloy steel, but some are nickel-plated to prevent rust, or simply for aesthetics.
A model was developed that can be used to determine the volume of tree canopies of this shape. A tree crown fits this shape model if: a) it has a domed shaped top surface, b) the base of the crown is flat or at ground level on a flat surface, and c) the width of the crown spread is greater than or equal to twice the vertical thickness of the crown.
The minimum railway curve radius is the shortest allowable design radius for the centerline of railway tracks under a particular set of conditions. It has an important bearing on construction costs and operating costs and, in combination with superelevation (difference in elevation of the two rails) in the case of train tracks , determines the ...
Where degree of curvature is based on 100 units of arc length, the conversion between degree of curvature and radius is Dr = 18000/π ≈ 5729.57795, where D is degree and r is radius. Since rail routes have very large radii, they are laid out in chords, as the difference to the arc is inconsequential; this made work easier before electronic ...
In most countries, the measurement of curvature of curved track is expressed in radius. The shorter the radius, the sharper the curve is. For sharper curves, the speed limits are lower to prevent an outward horizontal centrifugal force to overturn the trains by directing its weight toward the outside rail. Cant may be used to allow higher ...
The chain (abbreviated ch) is a unit of length equal to 66 feet (22 yards), used in both the US customary and Imperial unit systems. It is subdivided into 100 links. [1] [2] There are 10 chains in a furlong, and 80 chains in one statute mile. [2]