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Alopecia universalis (AU), also known as alopecia areata universalis, is a medical condition involving the loss of all body hair, including eyebrows, eyelashes, chest hair, armpit hair, and pubic hair. It is the most severe form of alopecia areata (AA). [1]
Androgenic alopecia also occurs in women, and more often presents as diffuse thinning without hairline recession. Like its male counterpart, the condition rarely leads to total hair loss . Treatment options are similar to those for men, although topical or systemic estrogen is used more often.
In a few cases, all the hair on the scalp is lost (alopecia totalis), or all body hair is lost (alopecia universalis). Hair loss can be permanent, or temporary. [7] [1] Alopecia areata is believed to be an autoimmune disease resulting from a breach in the immune privilege of the hair follicles.
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder also known as "spot baldness" that can result in hair loss ranging from just one location (Alopecia areata monolocularis) to every hair on the entire body (Alopecia areata universalis). Although thought to be caused by hair follicles becoming dormant, what triggers alopecia areata is not known.
Androgenetic alopecia: history of gradual thinning of hair and characteristic pattern. [4] Males start to lose hair in the front and temples while females lose hair at the top of the head; Diffuse alopecia areata: exclamation point hairs [3] Alopecia totalis: concomitant loss of facial and skull hair [6]
Alopecia totalis is the loss of all hair on the head and face.Its causes are unclear, but believed to be autoimmune.Research suggests there may be a genetic component linked to developing alopecia totalis; the presence of DRB1*0401 and DQB1*0301, both of which are human leukocyte antigens (HLA), were found to be associated with long-standing alopecia totalis.
Tosti is the author of nearly 700 scientific publications, 600 peer-reviewed papers and the editor or co-editor of 30 books. [13] She is a secretary and treasurer of the North American Hair Research Society and of the World Trichoscopy Society.
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