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Anti-periplanar geometry will put a bonding orbital and an anti-bonding orbital approximately parallel to each other, or syn-periplanar. Figure 6 is another representation of 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane (Figure 5), showing the C–H bonding orbital, σ C–H, and the C–Cl anti-bonding orbital, σ* C–Cl, syn-periplanar.
Relative conformation energy diagram of butane as a function of dihedral angle. [9] A: antiperiplanar, anti or trans. B: synclinal or gauche. C: anticlinal or eclipsed. D: synperiplanar or cis. [2] Rotating their carbon–carbon bonds, the molecules ethane and propane have three local energy minima.
The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction. The type of addition that occurs depends on multiple different factors of a reaction, and is defined by the final orientation of the substituents on the parent molecule .
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A staggered projection appears to have the surrounding species equidistant from each other. This kind of conformation tends to experience both anti and gauche interactions. [5] Anti interactions refer to the molecules (usually of the same type) sitting exactly opposite of each other at 180° on the Newman projection. [5]
A cone with vertex N of a diagram D : J → C is a morphism from the constant diagram Δ(N) to D. The constant diagram is the diagram which sends every object of J to an object N of C and every morphism to the identity morphism on N. The limit of a diagram D is a universal cone to D. That is, a cone through which all other cones uniquely factor.
In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, the diagram of a structure is a simple but powerful concept for proving useful properties of a theory, for example the amalgamation property and the joint embedding property, among others.
The prefix endo is reserved for the isomer with the substituent located closest, or "syn", to the longest bridge. The prefix exo is reserved for the isomer with the substituent located furthest, or "anti", to the longest bridge. Here "longest" and "shortest" refer to the number of atoms that comprise the bridge.