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Development of a formulation of arc length suitable for applications to mathematics and the sciences is a focus of calculus. In the most basic formulation of arc length for a parametric curve (thought of as the trajectory of a particle), the arc length is gotten by integrating the speed of the particle over the path.
Definition of slope angle and sector Animation showing the constant angle between an intersecting circle centred at the origin and a logarithmic spiral. The logarithmic spiral r = a e k φ , k ≠ 0 , {\displaystyle r=ae^{k\varphi }\;,\;k\neq 0,} has the following properties (see Spiral ):
Every bounded convex curve is a rectifiable curve, meaning that it has a well-defined finite arc length, and can be approximated in length by a sequence of inscribed polygonal chains. For closed convex curves, the length may be given by a form of the Crofton formula as times the average length of its projections onto lines. [8]
Surfaces that occur in two of the main theorems of vector calculus, Stokes' theorem and the divergence theorem, are frequently given in a parametric form. The curvature and arc length of curves on the surface, surface area, differential geometric invariants such as the first and second fundamental forms, Gaussian, mean, and principal curvatures ...
A parametric C r-curve or a C r-parametrization is a vector-valued function: that is r-times continuously differentiable (that is, the component functions of γ are continuously differentiable), where , {}, and I is a non-empty interval of real numbers.
A mechanical method for constructing the arithmetic spiral uses a modified string compass, where the string wraps and winds (or unwraps/unwinds) about a fixed central pin (that does not pivot), thereby incrementing (or decrementing) the length of the radius (string) as the angle changes (the string winds around the fixed pin which does not pivot).
The coordinate-independent definition of the square of the line element ds in an n-dimensional Riemannian or Pseudo Riemannian manifold (in physics usually a Lorentzian manifold) is the "square of the length" of an infinitesimal displacement [2] (in pseudo Riemannian manifolds possibly negative) whose square root should be used for computing curve length: = = (,) where g is the metric tensor ...
The first statement is the intuitive and mathematically rigorous definition of arc length. These definitions could be worded better and made more understandable with mathematical notation. I believe this would clear up confusion and make the whole article more accurate. Stqckfish 17:29, 28 March 2024 (UTC)