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So, if the potential difference is maintained, the equilibrium state ΔG = 0 will not correspond to an equimolar concentration of ions on both sides of the membrane. If a process with a negative ΔG is coupled to the transport process then the global ΔG will be modified. This situation is common in active transport and is described thus:
Intracellular transport that requires quick movement will use an actin-myosin mechanism while more specialized functions require microtubules for transport. [5] Microtubules function as tracks in the intracellular transport of membrane-bound vesicles and organelles. This process is propelled by motor proteins such as dynein.
Comparison of transport proteins. A symporter is an integral membrane protein that is involved in the transport of two (or more) different molecules across the cell membrane in the same direction. The symporter works in the plasma membrane and molecules are transported across the cell membrane at the same time, and is, therefore, a type of ...
Exocytosis is the process by which a large amount of molecules are released; thus it is a form of bulk transport. Exocytosis occurs via secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structures at the cell plasma membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to ...
Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested materials. Endocytosis includes pinocytosis (cell drinking) and phagocytosis (cell eating). It is a form of ...
The cell membrane is imbedded with many membrane transport proteins that allow such molecules to travel in and out of the cell. [2] There are three types of mediated transporters: uniport, symport, and antiport. Things that can be transported are nutrients, ions, glucose, etc, all depending on the needs of the cell.
These proteins have receptors that bind to specific molecules (e.g., glucose) and transport them across the cell membrane. Because energy is required in this process, it is known as 'active' transport. Examples of active transport include the transportation of sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell
This form of membrane transport is classified under active membrane transport, an energy-requiring process of pumping molecules and ions across membranes against a concentration gradient. [ 6 ] Translocases biological importance relies primarily on their critical function, in the way that they provide movement across the cell's membrane in many ...