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Housecarl is a calque of the original Old Norse term, húskarl, which literally means "house man". Karl is cognate to the Old English churl, or ceorl, meaning a man, or a non-servile peasant. [2]
There is also a substitution later in the pedigree, where Historia Brittonum replaces the name Westorfalcna with Sguerthing, apparently the Swerting of Beowulf, although its -ing ending led John of Worcester, writing in the 12th century Chronicon ex chronicis, to interpret the name as an Anglo-Saxon patronymic and interpose the name Swerta as ...
The kingdom was one of the seven traditional members of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. The East Angles were initially ruled (from the 6th century until 749) by members of the Wuffingas dynasty, named after Wuffa, whose name means 'descendants of the wolf'. [1] The last king was Guthrum II, who ruled in the 10th century.
This page lists all earldoms, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.. The Norman conquest of England introduced the continental Frankish title of "count" (comes) into England, which soon became identified with the previous titles of Danish "jarl" and Anglo-Saxon "earl" in England.
The names are given in modern English form followed by the names and titles (as far as is known) in contemporary Old English (Anglo-Saxon) and Latin, the prevalent languages of record at the time in England. This was a period in which spellings varied widely, even within a document. A number of variations of the details below exist.
King of the Anglo-Saxons r. 871–899: Giric c. 832 –889 King of the Picts r. 878–889: Constantín I mac Cináeda d. 877 King of the Picts r. 862–877: Áed
The hird (also named "Håndgangne Menn" in Norwegian), in Scandinavian history, was originally an informal retinue of personal armed companions, [1] hirdmen or housecarls.Over time, it came to mean not only the nucleus ('Guards') of the royal army but also a more formal royal court household.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle referred to Ecgberht as bretwalda (' wide-ruler ' or ' ruler of Britain ') and added his name to Bede's list of overlords. [24] Historian H. R. Loyn remarked that "some hazy imperial ideas" were associated with the bretwaldaship, such as influence over the English church , military leadership against the native Britons ...