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The Risser sign is an indirect measure of skeletal maturity, whereby the degree of ossification of the iliac apophysis by x-ray evaluation is used to judge overall skeletal development. Mineralization of the iliac apophyses begins at the anterolateral crest and progresses medially towards the spine.
Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.
It is also referred to as iliac horn syndrome, hereditary onychoosteodysplasia (HOOD syndrome), Fong disease or Turner–Kieser syndrome. [ 2 ] Diagnosis of NPS can be made at birth but is common for it to remain undiagnosed for several generations.
Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome, [1] named after Swedish surgeon Sven Christian Johansson (1880-1959), [2] and Christian Magnus Falsen Sinding-Larsen (1866-1930), [3] a Norwegian physician, is apophysitis of the inferior pole of the patella. It is analogous to Osgood–Schlatter disease which involves the upper margin of the tibia. This ...
Because of its similarities to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), May–Thurner syndrome is rarely diagnosed amongst the general population. In this condition, the right iliac artery sequesters and compresses the left common iliac vein against the lumbar section of the spine, [5] resulting in swelling of the legs and ankles, pain, tingling, and/or numbness in the legs and feet. [6]
Dysfunction of the superior cluneal nerves is often due to entrapment as the nerves cross the iliac crest – this can result in numbness, tingling or pain in the low back and upper buttocks region. Superior cluneal nerve dysfunction is a clinical diagnosis that can be supported by diagnostic nerve blocks.
Salter–Harris fractures; Other names: Growth plate fracture [1]: An X-ray of the left ankle showing a Salter–Harris type III fracture of medial malleolus.Red arrow demonstrates fracture line while the blue arrow marks the growth plate.
However, currently, it is widely accepted that Osgood–Schlatter disease is a traction apophysitis of the proximal tibial tubercle at the insertion of the patellar tendon caused by repetitive micro-trauma. In other words, Osgood–Schlatter disease is an overuse injury and closely related to the physical activity of the child.