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The 5.56×45mm NATO standard SS109/M855 cartridge was designed for maximum performance when fired from a 508 mm (20.0 in) long barrel, as was the original 5.56 mm M193 cartridge. Experiments with longer length barrels up to 610 mm (24.0 in) resulted in no improvement or a decrease in muzzle velocities for the SS109/M855 cartridge.
.22 caliber, or 5.6 mm, refers to a common firearms bore diameter of 0.22 inch (5.6 mm) in both rimfire and centerfire cartridges. Cartridges in this caliber include the very widely used .22 Long Rifle and .223 Remington / 5.56×45mm NATO .
NATO cartridge may refer to: Small arms 9×19mm NATO (STANAG 4090) 4.6×30mm NATO (STANAG 4820) 5.7×28mm NATO (STANAG 4509) 5.56×45mm NATO (STANAG 4172) 7.62×51mm NATO (STANAG 2310) 12.7×99mm NATO (STANAG 4383) 40 mm grenade (×46 mm LV, ×51 mm MV, ×53 mm HV) Autocannons 20×102mm (STANAG 3585), 20 mm caliber; 25×137mm (STANAG 4173), 25 ...
If a 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge is loaded into a chamber intended to use .223 Remington, the bullet will be in contact with the rifling and the forcing cone is very tight. This generates a much higher pressure than .223 Remington chambers are designed for. [3] NATO chose a 178-mm (1-in-7) rifling twist rate for the 5.56×45mm NATO chambering.
The rifle itself is offered in two variants: the S-5.56 A1 with a 19.9-inch barrel and 1:12 pitch rifling (1 turn in 305 mm), optimized for the use of the M193 Ball cartridge; and the S-5.56 A3 with a 20-inch barrel and a 1:7 pitch rifling (1 turn in 177, 8 mm), optimized for the use of the SS109 cartridge.
The table below gives a list of firearms that can fire the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge, first developed and used in the late 1970s for the M16 rifle, which to date, is the most widely produced weapon in this caliber. [1] Not all countries that use weapons chambered in this caliber are in NATO. This table is sortable for every column.
The .308 Winchester is measured across the grooves and uses a .308-in diameter (7.82-mm) bullet; the military-specification version is known as 7.62 × 51 mm NATO, so called because the bore diameter measured between the lands is 7.62 mm, and the cartridge has a case 51 mm long. [5]
The 6.8mm Remington Special Purpose Cartridge (6.8 SPC, 6.8 SPC II or 6.8×43mm) is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate rifle cartridge that was developed by Remington Arms in collaboration with members of the U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit and United States Special Operations Command [6] to possibly replace the 5.56 NATO cartridge in short barreled rifles (SBR) and carbines.