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Cell-free protein synthesis, also known as in vitro protein synthesis or CFPS, is the production of protein using biological machinery in a cell-free system, that is, without the use of living cells. The in vitro protein synthesis environment is not constrained by a cell wall or homeostasis conditions necessary to maintain cell viability. [ 1 ]
Self-healing hydrogels are a specialized type of polymer hydrogel.A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked polymer chains. Hydrogels are synthesized from hydrophilic monomers by either chain or step growth, along with a functional crosslinker to promote network formation.
[6] [7] The cell extract-based type are susceptible to problems like quick degradation of components outside their host, as shown in a study by Kitaoka et al. where a cell-free translation system based on Escherichia coli (E. coli), of the cell extract-based type, had the mRNA template degrade very quickly and led to the halt of protein synthesis.
Cell-free production of proteins is performed in vitro using purified RNA polymerase, ribosomes, tRNA and ribonucleotides. These reagents may be produced by extraction from cells or from a cell-based expression system. Due to the low expression levels and high cost of cell-free systems, cell-based systems are more widely used. [29]
Culturing cells: Hydrogel-coated wells have been used for cell culture. [74] Biosensors: Hydrogels that are responsive to specific molecules, [75] such as glucose or antigens, can be used as biosensors, as well as in DDS. [76] Cell carrier: Injectable hydrogels can be used to carry drugs or cells for applications in tissue regeneration or 3D ...
The porous structure of this material would also make the process of drug delivery easier where the pharmaceutical compounds present in the hydrogel can easily escape and be absorbed by the body. Aside from that, researchers are also looking into incorporating nanocomposite hydrogels with silver nanoparticles for antibacterial applications and ...
In the in situ method, protein synthesis is carried out on a protein array surface that is pre-coated with a protein-capturing reagent or antibody.Once the newly synthesized proteins are released from the ribosome, the tag sequence that is also synthesized at the N-or C-terminus of each nascent protein will be bound by the capture reagent or antibody, thus immobilizing the proteins to form an ...
A nanogel is a polymer-based, crosslinked hydrogel particle on the sub-micron scale. [1] [2] [3] These complex networks of polymers present a unique opportunity in the field of drug delivery at the intersection of nanoparticles and hydrogel synthesis.