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  2. Cell-free protein synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_protein_synthesis

    Cell-free protein synthesis, also known as in vitro protein synthesis or CFPS, is the production of protein using biological machinery in a cell-free system, that is, without the use of living cells. The in vitro protein synthesis environment is not constrained by a cell wall or homeostasis conditions necessary to maintain cell viability. [ 1 ]

  3. Cell-free protein array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_protein_array

    In the in situ method, protein synthesis is carried out on a protein array surface that is pre-coated with a protein-capturing reagent or antibody.Once the newly synthesized proteins are released from the ribosome, the tag sequence that is also synthesized at the N-or C-terminus of each nascent protein will be bound by the capture reagent or antibody, thus immobilizing the proteins to form an ...

  4. Protein production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_production

    Cell-free production of proteins is performed in vitro using purified RNA polymerase, ribosomes, tRNA and ribonucleotides. These reagents may be produced by extraction from cells or from a cell-based expression system. Due to the low expression levels and high cost of cell-free systems, cell-based systems are more widely used. [29]

  5. Cell-free system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free_system

    [6] [7] The cell extract-based type are susceptible to problems like quick degradation of components outside their host, as shown in a study by Kitaoka et al. where a cell-free translation system based on Escherichia coli (E. coli), of the cell extract-based type, had the mRNA template degrade very quickly and led to the halt of protein synthesis.

  6. Microsome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsome

    With microsomes there, cell-free protein synthesis demonstrates cotranslational transport of the protein into the microsome and therefore the removal of the signal sequence. This process produces a mature protein chain. Studies have looked into the cell-free protein synthesis process when microsomes have their bound ribosomes stripped away from ...

  7. Artificial cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cell

    Advances in cell-free transcription and translation reactions allow the expression of many genes, but these efforts are far from producing a fully operational cell. A bottom-up approach to build an artificial cell would involve creating a protocell de novo , entirely from non-living materials.

  8. Hydrogel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogel

    Culturing cells: Hydrogel-coated wells have been used for cell culture. [74] Biosensors: Hydrogels that are responsive to specific molecules, [75] such as glucose or antigens, can be used as biosensors, as well as in DDS. [76] Cell carrier: Injectable hydrogels can be used to carry drugs or cells for applications in tissue regeneration or 3D ...

  9. Protein microarray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_microarray

    In situ methods — invented and published by Mingyue He and Michael Taussig in 2001 [12] [13] — involve on-chip synthesis of proteins as and when required, directly from the DNA using cell-free protein expression systems. Since DNA is a highly stable molecule it does not deteriorate over time and is therefore suited to long-term storage.