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ggplot2 is an open-source data visualization package for the statistical programming language R.Created by Hadley Wickham in 2005, ggplot2 is an implementation of Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics—a general scheme for data visualization which breaks up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers. ggplot2 can serve as a replacement for the base graphics in R and contains a ...
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization.It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9]The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data.
Eigen is a high-level C++ library of template headers for linear algebra, matrix and vector operations, geometrical transformations, numerical solvers and related algorithms. . Eigen is open-source software licensed under the Mozilla Public License 2.0 since version 3.1
In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of The C++ Programming Language in 1991. [32] New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, const member functions, and protected members. In 1990, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual was published. This work became the basis for ...
Among the supported programming languages and markup languages are C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, PHP, HTML, LaTeX, CSS, Python, Perl, Ruby, Pascal, Haskell, Erlang, Vala and many others. [ 8 ] In contrast to traditional Unix-based editors like Emacs or Vim , Geany more closely resembles programming editors common on Microsoft Windows such as ...
Cairo supports output (including rasterisation) to a number of different back-ends, known as "surfaces" in its code.Back-ends support includes output to the X Window System, via both Xlib and XCB, Win32 GDI, OS X Quartz Compositor, the BeOS API, OS/2, OpenGL contexts (directly [7] and via glitz), local image buffers, PNG files, PDF, PostScript, DirectFB and SVG files.
I/O is inherently impure: input operations undermine referential transparency, and output operations create side effects.Nevertheless, there is a sense in which a function can perform input or output and still be pure, if the sequence of operations on the relevant I/O devices is modeled explicitly as both an argument and a result, and I/O operations are taken to fail when the input sequence ...
C++11 is a version of a joint technical standard, ISO/IEC 14882, by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), for the C++ programming language. C++11 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, named C++03, [1] and was later replaced by C++14.