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Film studios have pressured the MPAA to retire the NC-17 rating, because of its likely impact on their film's box office revenue. [81] [82] In 2010, the MPAA controversially decided to give the film Blue Valentine an NC-17 rating. The Weinstein Company challenged this decision, and the MPAA ended up awarding the same cut an R rating on appeal.
Most countries have some form of rating system that issues determinations variously known as certifications, classifications, certificates, or ratings. Age recommendations, of either an advisory or restrictive capacity, are often applied in lieu of censorship ; in some jurisdictions movie theaters may have a legal obligation to enforce ...
Rated NC-17 for strong, graphic sexuality; kept rating after the MPAA upheld an appeal to overturn it. [46] In the Cold of the Night: 1990 Rated NC-17 in 1990. Edited version rated R in 1990. [47] In the Realm of the Senses (Ai no Korīda) 1976 Rated X in 1976, changed rating symbol in 1991. Rating symbol changed from X. [48] Inserts: 1975
The MPAA's member companies remained intact until the 2019 acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney, including 20th Century Fox. [80] [81] Netflix was approved as a new member in January 2019, making it the first non-studio and the first streaming service to be part of the organization. The addition of Netflix also helped to maintain the ...
The MPAA reluctantly granted the seal of approval for these films, although not until certain changes were made. [ 75 ] [ 76 ] Owing to its themes, Billy Wilder 's Some Like It Hot (1959) was not granted a certificate of approval, but still became a box office smash, and as a result, it further weakened the authority of the Code.
British Board of Film Censors 'U' certificate for Berlin Airlift (1949) [9]. The BBFC was established in 1912 as the British Board of Film Censors, under the aegis of the Incorporated Association of Kinematograph Manufacturers, [10] by film trade associations who preferred to manage their own censorship than to have national or local government do it for them.
To obtain a rating for a game, a publisher submits a detailed questionnaire (a "Long Form") that describes the graphic and extreme content found in the game to the ESRB, along with a video (VHS, DVD, video file, or other means) that demonstrates this content which can include gameplay footage and in-game cutscenes.
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