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Calcium silicate, also known as slag, is produced when molten iron is made from iron ore, silicon dioxide and calcium carbonate in a blast furnace. When this material is processed into a highly refined, re-purposed calcium silicate aggregate, it is used in the remediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) on active and passive mine sites. [13]
Only calcium silicates contribute to the strength. Tricalcium silicate is responsible for most of the early strength (first 7 days). [3] Dicalcium silicate, which reacts more slowly, only contributes to late strength. Calcium silicate hydrate (also shown as C-S-H) is a result of the reaction between the silicate phases of Portland cement and water.
It has better pulpotomy outcomes than calcium hydroxide or formocresol, and may be the best known material, as of 2018 data. [1] For pulp capping, it has a success rate higher than calcium hydroxide, and indistinguishable from Biodentin. [2] MTA, when mixed with water, forms a calcium silicate hydrate gel which contains calcium hydroxide.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag is a latent hydraulic binder forming calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) after contact with water. It is a strength-enhancing compound improving the durability of concrete. It is a component of metallurgic cement (CEM III in the European norm EN 197).
Calcium ions then react with the soluble sodium silicate gel to convert it into solid calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H). The C-S-H forms a continuous poorly permeable coating at the external surface of the aggregate. The penetrated alkaline solution (NaOH / KOH) converts the remaining siliceous minerals into bulky soluble alkali silicate gel.
Calcium silicate hydrate: C-A-H: Phase more complex than C-S-H: Calcium aluminate hydrate C-A-S-H: This is even more complex than C-S-H and C-A-H: Calcium aluminate silicate hydrate AFt: C 6 A S 3 H 32, sometimes with substitution of Fe for Al, and/or CO 2− 3 for SO 2− 4: Calcium trisulfoaluminate hydrate, or ettringite: AFm
Cement hydration and strength development mainly depend on two silicate phases: tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) , and dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) . [1] Upon hydration, the main reaction products are calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2, written as CH in the cement chemist notation. C-S-H is the phase playing the role of ...
Tobermorite is often used in thermodynamical calculations to represent the pole of the most evolved calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). According to its chemical formula, its atomic Ca/Si or molar CaO/SiO 2 (C/S) ratio is 5/6 (0.83). Jennite represents the less evolved pole with a C/S ratio of 1.50 (9/6).
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