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A shill may also act to discredit opponents or critics of the person or organization in which they have a vested interest. [1] [2] In most uses, shill refers to someone who purposely gives onlookers, participants or "marks" the impression of an enthusiastic customer independent of the seller, marketer or con artist, for whom they are secretly ...
The Hudud Ordinances are laws in Pakistan enacted in 1979 as part of the Islamization of Pakistan by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan.It replaced parts of the British-era Pakistan Penal Code, adding new criminal offences of adultery and fornication, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death.
Shill bidding is the most prominent type of online auction fraud where sellers themselves submit bids to increase the price of an item they have put up for sale, without intending to win. [25] Shill bidding is also one of the most difficult types of fraud to detect, since it is usually conducted by the seller in collusion with one or more ...
In Pakistan, over 200,000 zina cases against women under the Hudood laws were under way at various levels in Pakistan's legal system in 2005. [59] In addition to thousands of women in prison awaiting trial for zina -related charges, rape victims in Pakistan have been reluctant to report rape because they feared being charged with zina . [ 60 ]
The Federal Shariat Court (FSC) is a constitutional islamic religious court of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which has the power to examine and determine whether the laws of the country comply with Sharia law. The court was established in 1980 during the government of the President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.
Electoral fraud in Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان میں انتخابی دھاندلی) has history intertwined with military interventions and legal obstacles against political dissenters, impacting the democratic process. [1]
Maslaha or maslahah (Arabic: مصلحة, lit. ' public interest ') is a concept in Sharia (Islamic divine law) regarded as a basis of law. [1] It forms a part of extended methodological principles of Islamic jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh) and denotes prohibition or permission of something, according to necessity and particular circumstances, on the basis of whether it serves the public ...
In Islamic Law, tazir (ta'zeer or ta'zir, Arabic: تعزير) lit. scolding; refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge or ruler of the state. [1] It is one of three major types of punishments or sanctions under Islamic law, Sharia — hadd, qisas / diyya and ta'zir. [2]