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0.2 [2] 1.0 [2] Ehrlich units or mg/dL Free catecholamines, dopamine: 90 [3] 420 [3] μg/d Red blood cells (RBCs) 0 [4] [2] 2 [2] - 3 [4] per High Power Field (HPF) RBC casts: n/a 0 / negative [2] White blood cells (WBCs) 0 [2] 2 [2] pH: 5 [2] 7 [2] (unitless) Protein: 0: trace amounts [2] Glucose: n/a: 0 / negative [2] Ketones: n/a: 0 ...
Urine typically contains epithelial cells shed from the urinary tract, and urine cytology evaluates this urinary sediment for the presence of cancerous cells [2] [3] from the lining of the urinary tract, and it is a convenient noninvasive technique for follow-up analysis of patients treated for urinary tract cancers.
It normally ranges from 1.003 to 1.035; lower values indicate that the urine is dilute, while higher values mean that it is concentrated. A urine specific gravity that consistently remains around 1.010 ( isosthenuria ) can indicate kidney damage, as it suggests that the kidneys have lost the ability to control urine concentration. [ 39 ]
Lupus nephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus which is a more severe form of SLE that develops in children up to 18 years old; both are autoimmune diseases.
Contemporary urine testing uses a range of methods to investigate the physical and biochemical properties of the urine. For instance, the results of the routine urinalysis can provide information about the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system ; suggest the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI); and screen for possible diabetes or ...
Lymphoproliferative disorders are a set of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes into a monoclonal lymphocytosis. The two major types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells, which are derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
Leukocytosis is a condition in which the white cell count is above the normal range in the blood. [1] [2] It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, [3] most commonly the result of infection, but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors as well as leukemia.
Kidney disorders such as acute interstitial nephritis [2] and acute kidney injury from cholesterol embolism Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [ 3 ] Eosinophiluria (>5% of urine leukocytes ) is a common finding (~90%) in antibiotic-induced allergic nephritis, however, lymphocytes predominate in allergic interstitial nephritis induced ...