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Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA. It is called "non-homologous" because the break ends are directly ligated without the need for a homologous template, in contrast to homology directed repair (HDR), which requires a homologous sequence to guide repair.
Three possible sub-pathways for a double-strand break to repair via homologous recombination: Gene conversion, BIR and SDSA. The gene conversion is referring to the double-strand break repair model. The other sub-pathway is the synthesis-dependent strain annealing. SSA is the fourth sub-pathway and it is not shown in this diagram.
dsDNA-break repair pathways and genome editing using CRISPR-Cas nucleases. A common form of Genome editing relies on the concept of DNA double stranded break (DSB) repair mechanics. There are two major pathways that repair DSB; non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology directed repair (HDR). NHEJ uses a variety of enzymes to directly join ...
Human Nature is a 2019 documentary film directed by Adam Bolt and written by Adam Bolt and Regina Sobel. Producers of the film include Greg Boustead, Elliot Kirschner and Dan Rather . [ 1 ]
Linear Amplification Mediated - High Throughput Genome Wide Translocation Sequencing, or LAM-HTGTS, is a method developed to track translocation events caused by joining between DSBs. [50] Developed to detect off-target mutations from TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9, this technique is based on DNA repair by end joining in DSBs.
[111] [112] Small molecules can also be used to improve homology directed repair, [113] often by inhibiting the non-homologous end joining pathway and/or the theta-mediated end-joining pathway. [ 114 ] [ 115 ] A system with the Cpf1 effector protein was created that is induced by small molecules VE-822 and AZD-7762. [ 116 ]
Differential activity of DNA repair pathways across various regions of the human genome causes mutations to be very unevenly distributed within tumor genomes. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] In particular, the gene-rich, early-replicating regions of the human genome exhibit lower mutation frequencies than the gene-poor, late-replicating heterochromatin .
Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), also known as alternative nonhomologous end-joining (Alt-NHEJ) is one of the pathways for repairing double-strand breaks in DNA. As reviewed by McVey and Lee, [1] the foremost distinguishing property of MMEJ is the use of microhomologous sequences during the alignment of broken ends before joining, thereby resulting in deletions flanking the original ...