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The Tudor conquest (or reconquest) of Ireland took place during the 16th century under the Tudor dynasty, which ruled the Kingdom of England. The Anglo-Normans had conquered swathes of Ireland in the late 12th century, bringing it under English rule .
However, the Royalists were defeated by the Parliamentarians, Charles I was executed and Oliver Cromwell re-conquered Ireland in 1649–1653 on behalf of the English Commonwealth. The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland was marked by atrocities, such as the massacre of the Royalist garrison at the Siege of Drogheda in 1649.
This, in effect, made the English Crown even more remote to the realities of Irish politics. At the same time, local Gaelic and Gaelicised lords expanded their powers at the expense of the Pale, creating a policy quite alien to English ways and which was not fully overthrown until the Tudor re-conquest of Ireland.
Tudor conquest of Ireland, invasion begun by Henry VIII of England after he was declared King of Ireland (16th century). Spanish Landing in Ireland by Habsburg Spain During the Nine Years' War (October 1601) Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, invasion of Ireland by English Parliamentarians during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1649–53).
The term Wars of the Three Kingdoms first appears in A Brief Chronicle of all the Chief Actions so fatally Falling out in the three Kingdoms by James Heath, published in 1662, [7] but historian Ian Gentles argues "there is no stable, agreed title for the events....which have been variously labelled the Great Rebellion, the Puritan Revolution, the English Civil War, the English Revolution and ...
Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone [c] (Irish: Aodh Mór Ó Néill; [d] c. 1550 – 20 July 1616) was a Gaelic Irish lord and key figure of the Nine Years' War.Known as the "Great Earl", [6] [7] he led the confederacy of Irish clans against the English Crown in resistance to the Tudor conquest of Ireland under Queen Elizabeth I.
Political boundaries in Ireland in 1450, before the plantations. The first Plantations of Ireland occurred during the Tudor conquest.The Dublin Castle administration intended to pacify and anglicise Irish territories controlled by the Crown and incorporate the Gaelic Irish aristocracy into the English-controlled Kingdom of Ireland by using a policy of surrender and regrant.
The policy of surrender and regrant was led by King Henry VIII of England (r. 1509–1547) in a bid to extend and secure his control over the island of Ireland.This policy started in the years between the Geraldine rebellion (1534–39) and his subsequent creation of the Kingdom of Ireland in 1541–42.