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Thought blocking is a neuropsychological symptom expressing a sudden and involuntary silence within a speech, and eventually an abrupt switch to another topic. [1] Persons undergoing thought blocking may utter incomprehensible speech; they may also repeat words involuntarily or make up new words.
Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [1] [2] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [1]
A 2004 WHO report stated that "prevention of these disorders is obviously one of the most effective ways to reduce the disease burden." [ 1 ] The 2011 European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on prevention of mental disorders states "There is considerable evidence that various psychiatric conditions can be prevented through the ...
Pressure of speech is an instance of tachylalia, or rapid speech. Pressure of speech is also variously related to agitolalia , agitophasia , tachyphasia , and verbomania . Circumstantial speech is a communication disorder in which the focus of a conversation drifts. [ 12 ]
In modern times, depression, more often severe cases, is more noted as an absence of pleasure, with feelings of emptiness and flatness. [4] In the United States and Canada, the costs associated with major depression are comparable to those related to heart disease, diabetes, and back problems and are greater than the costs of hypertension. [5]
Phonological disorder – a speech sound disorder characterized by problems in making patterns of sound errors (e.g., "dat" for "that"). Communication disorder NOS (not otherwise specified) – the DSM-IV diagnosis in which disorders that do not meet the specific criteria for the disorder listed above may be classified.
Speech disorders affect roughly 11.5% of the US population, and 5% of the primary school population. [5] Speech is a complex process that requires precise timing, nerve and muscle control, and as a result is susceptible to impairments. A person who has a stroke, an accident or birth defect may have speech and language problems. [6]
It can cause a visible slowing of physical and emotional reactions, including speech and affect. [ 1 ] Psychomotor retardation is most commonly seen in people with major depression and in the depressed phase of bipolar disorder ; [ 2 ] it is also associated with the adverse effects of certain drugs, such as benzodiazepines . [ 3 ]
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