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For at least 1,000 years the name Celt was not used at all, and nobody called themselves Celts or Celtic, until from about 1700, after the word 'Celtic' was rediscovered in classical texts, it was applied for the first time to the distinctive culture, history, traditions, language of the modern Celtic nations – Ireland, Scotland, Wales ...
The various names used since classical times for the people known today as the Celts are of disparate origins.. The names Κελτοί (Keltoí) and Celtae are used in Greek and Latin, respectively, to denote a people of the La Tène horizon in the region of the upper Rhine and Danube during the 6th to 1st centuries BC in Graeco-Roman ethnography.
Galli , for the Romans, was a name synonym of “Celts” (as Julius Caesar states in De Bello Gallico [25]) which means that not all peoples and tribes called “Galli” were necessarily Gauls in a narrower regional sense. Gaulish Celts spoke Gaulish, a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type, a more innovative Celtic language - *kʷ ...
The interrelationships of ethnicity, language and culture in the Celtic world are unclear and debated; for example over the ways in which the Iron Age people of Britain and Ireland should be called Celts. In current scholarship, 'Celt' primarily refers to 'speakers of Celtic languages' rather than to a single ethnic group.
E-Keltoi. 6: The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula. Center for Celtic Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee: 571– 605. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017; Lorrio Alvarado, Alberto J.; Ruiz Zapatero, Gonzalo (February 2005). "The Celts in Iberia: An Overview". E-Keltoi. 6: The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula.
The names of Belgium and Aquitaine hark back to Gallia Belgica and Gallia Aquitania, respectively, in turn named for the Belgae and the Aquitani. [10] [11] The Latin name of the Swiss Confederacy, Confoederatio Helvetica, harks back to the Helvetii, the name of Galicia to the Gallaeci and the Auvergne of France to the Averni.
Names became Celtic, [16] as seen in Roman times, and Celts had established control [16] north of the Sava and south and west of the Danube. In the western half and west of Pannonia the Pre-Celtic language disappeared. [16] By the first half of the 1st century BCE [16] the language of the Illyrians in Northern Dalmatia was completely Celticized.
The political situation in the Balkans during the 4th century BC played to the Celts' advantage. The Illyrians had been waging war against the Greeks, leaving their western flank weak. While Alexander ruled Greece, the Celts dared not to push south near Greece. Therefore, early Celtic expeditions were concentrated against Illyrian tribes.